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Liver fibrosis is a compensatory response in the process of tissue repair after chronic liver injury, and it is also a necessary pathological process in the progression of a variety of chronic liver diseases. In the pathological state, the imbalance between hepatic oxidative system and antioxidant system can lead to the excessive production or insufficient clearance of reactive oxygen species (ROS)/reactive nitrogen species (RNS), which may induce the injury of hepatocytes, expand inflammatory response, and promote the development and progression of liver fibrosis. As a master regulator of oxidative stress and inflammatory response, NF-κB plays a key role in the process of liver fibrosis. Therefore, the cascade interaction between ROS/RNS and the NF-κB signaling pathway plays a guiding role in further clarifying the pathogenesis of liver fibrosis and exploring effective prevention and treatment strategies. This article reviews and discusses the interaction between ROS/RNS and the NF-κB signaling pathway and its important role in the progression of liver fibrosis, so as to provide strategies and references for targeted therapy for liver fibrosis.
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Objective:To explore the application effect of painting art therapy in young and middle-aged patients with maintenance hemodialysis, and to provide reference for clinical nursing.Methods:Adopted the convenience sampling method to collect 90 young and middle-aged patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis in the Hemodialysis Room of Taihe County Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine. They were divided into two groups according to the time of enrollment. The patients enrolled from March 2018 to March 2019 served as the control group, and the patients enrolled from April 2019 to March 2020 served as the study group. There were 45 cases in each group. Both groups were given routine nursing care, and the study group received 4 times of painting art therapy on this basis. Before and after the intervention, the effects were assessed by the Revised Piper Fatigue Scale (PFS-R) and the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI).Results:Finally, there were 44 cases in the control group and 43 cases in the study group. Before the intervention, there were no significant differences in the observation indicators between the two groups (P>0.05). After the intervention, scores of sensory, emotional, cognition, behavioral demensions and total fatigue scores of PFS-R were (3.33 ± 1.02), (4.47 ± 1.42), (3.56 ± 0.79), (3.26 ± 0.76) and (3.65 ± 0.57) in the study group, significantly lower than those in the control group (5.41 ± 1.13), (6.07 ± 1.37), (4.95 ± 1.21), (4.43 ± 0.87) and (5.22 ± 0.51) (t values were 5.14-13.30, all P<0.05). Scores of sleep quality, sleep duration, sleep efficiency factor score and PSQI total score were (0.95 ± 0.20), (1.71 ± 0.33), (1.10 ± 0.21) and (9.13 ± 0.60) in the study group, which were significantly lower than those in the control group (1.13 ± 0.19), (1.90 ± 0.24), (1.35 ± 0.31) and (9.90 ± 0.71), the differences were statistically significant (t values were 2.95 - 5.44, all P<0.05).Conclusions:Painting art therapy can effectively relieve fatigue symptoms and improve sleep quality in young and middle-aged patients with maintenance hemodialysis.
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Background Noise can cause not only auditory system injury, but also liver damage. However, the biomarkers and pathological mechanism of noise-induced liver injury are not clear yet. Objective To observe the effect of noise on the morphological structure and functions of rat liver. Methods A total of 30 Wistar rats were randomly divided into a normal control group, a low noise exposure group [(95 dB sound pressure level (SPL)], and a high noise exposure group (105 dB SPL). After 30 days of noise exposure, blood was collected, and livers were harvested and fixed. The pathological changes of livers were observed. The levels of biochemical indicators of liver function, blood glucose, and blood lipid were measured. Serum metabolites were detected by ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF-MS). Differential metabolite markers and metabolic pathways were identified. Results Compared with the control group, the body weight gain decreased in the low noise group and the high noise group after noise exposure (P<0.001, P<0.05). The pathological results showed that noise caused the rat livers’ morphological and structural damage at various degrees, and damage of the high noise exposure group was more serious. Compared with the control group, the serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase, albumin, and glycosylated serum protein in the low noise exposure group were increased (P<0.05), but the total bile acid level was decreased (P<0.05). The serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, albumin, triglyceride, low density lipoprotein, and glycosylated serum protein in the high noise group exposure were increased (P<0.05), but the glucose level was decreased (P<0.05). In the serum metabolomics analysis, 11 differential metabolites were screened out in the low noise exposure group, which were mainly enriched in 3 pathways (thiamine metabolism, primary bile acid biosynthesis, and bile secretion) related to liver metabolism. Four differential metabolites were screened out in the high exposure noise group, which were mainly enriched in four significantly different metabolic pathways (insulin signaling pathway, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, bile secretion, and insulin secretion). All the metabolic pathways involved in bile acid secretion and metabolism. Conclusion Nosie exposure can not only damage the liver structure of rats, but also affects the metabolism functions of liver. The mechanism may be related to bile acid secretion metabolic pathway.
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Background Noise has multiple negative effects on the organism, and gut microbes are influenced by the environment and are closely associated with the development of diseases. Currently, the effects of chronic noise exposure on intestinal microbiota are poorly understood. Objective To investigate the effects of noise exposure on the structure of rat gut microbiota and to make predictions of gut microbiota function. Methods Male Wistar rats (6 weeks old, 160-180 g) were randomly divided into control, NE_95dB, and NE_105dB groups, 10 rats in each group. Rats in the NE_95dB and the NE_105dB groups were exposed to noise at 95 dB sound pressure level (SPL) and 105 dB SPL, respectively, 4 h per day for consecutive 30 d, while the control group was exposed to background noise. Feces were collected after the last noise exposure for intestinal microbiota detection. Based on the 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing method, the diversity and structure of microbiota in rat intestinal contents were analyzed and compared. Phylogenetic Investigation of Communities by Reconstruction of Unobserved States (PICRUSt) was applied to predict functions of the identified intestinal microbiota genes. Results Significant differences were found in the microbial structure of the rat gut after the designed noise exposure. In the α diversity results, there was a statistically significant difference in the Chao1 index between the NE_95dB group and the NE_105dB group (P=0.02), while there were no statistically significant differences in the Shannon and Simpson indexes between the noise exposure groups and the control group (P>0.05). The β diversity analysis results showed significant differences in species abundance between the control group and the noise exposure groups (P=0.001). Further species analysis results showed that the relative abundances of the Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group (P<0.05) and Peptococcaceae_unclassified (P<0.01) at the genus level were significantly higher in the NE_105dB group, and the relative abundance of Parasutterella (P<0.05) was significantly higher in the NE_95dB group compared to the control group. In addition, the Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214_group (P<0.05) was also significantly higher in the NE_105dB group compared to the NE_95dB group. The PICRUSt functional prediction analysis results showed that there were eight differential pathways between the control group and the NE_95dB group, in which D-arginine and D-ornithine metabolism, ascorbate and aldarate metabolism, carotenoid biosynthesis, glycerophospholipid metabolism, mineral absorption, NOD-like receptor signaling pathway and non-homologous end-joining were significantly down-regulated, and nucleotide metabolism was significantly up-regulated. There were 38 differential pathways between the control group and the NE_105dB group. Among them, D-arginine and D-ornithine metabolism, and mineral absorption were the differential metabolic pathways in both noise exposure groups, and both were down-regulated relative to the control group. Conclusion Chronic noise exposure could alter structure of rat gut microbiota and may affect metabolic functions of multiple microbiota genes.
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A young female patient presented with fever, arthralgia, and rash was diagnosed with adults still's disease. When treated with glucocorticoid steroid, the above patient progressed to anuria, sudden, and confusion. After a teamwork involving different departments, the patient was finally diagnosed with atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) and treated with good outcome. aHUS is a rare disease, while Eculizumab is an orphan drug. The diagnosis and treatment of the patient reveals the importance of multidisciplinary team on the diagnosis and treatment of rare and difficult diseases.
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Objective:To investigate the clinical characteristics and risk factors for osteonecrosis (ON) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).Methods:This is a case-control study. A total of 118 patients diagnosed with SLE complicated with ON (study group) were retrospectively analyzed between 2014 and 2019. Gender, age, and course matched 118 SLE patients without ON were selected as controls. Clinical manifestations, laboratory findings, medical history, and treatments were recorded and analyzed.Results:Among 118 patients, the male to female ratio was 20 to 98 with a median age of 27 years and course of disease 1-168 months. Compared with the control group, the study group presented a longer cumulative duration of glucocorticoid therapy [36.5 (0-168) months vs. 19.0(0-168) months on average, P<0.05], a higher incidence of osteoporosis (29.7% vs. 4.2%, P<0.001), a higher frequency of immune-suppressive therapy (83.9% vs. 64.4%, P=0.035), more organs involveed [median 2 (0-5) vs. 1 (0-4)], and a higher SLE disease activity index (SLEDAI) (14.22±7.40 vs. 11.63±6.11, P<0.05) in univariate logistic regression. The control group had a higher rate of positive Coombs test (39.8% vs. 7.6%, P<0.05). No statistical difference on methylprednisolone (MP) pulse therapy ( P>0.05) was observed. Multivariate logistic regression suggested that SLEDAI ( OR= 1.070, 95% CI 1.026-1.116, P<0.005), osteoporosis ( OR=10.668, 95% CI 3.911-29.103, P<0.001) and a positive Coombs test( OR=0.492, 95% CI 0.266-0.910, P<0.05) were related to the development of ON in SLE patients. Conclusion:A higher disease activity and the presence of osteoporosis are associated with an increased risk of ON in patients with SLE, and positive Coombs test seems a protective factor of ON.
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Liver fibrosis, a common pathological process of most types of chronic liver diseases, is caused by the excessive deposition of extracellular matrix proteins after chronic liver injury. An increasing number of evidence has shown that oxidative stress is closely associated with the development and progression of liver fibrosis and is involved in the pathological process of liver fibrosis caused by various factors. With natural constituents and a clear structure, Chinese herbal monomers herbs have achieved a marked clinical effect in the treatment of liver fibrosis. This article reviews the research advances in monomers of Chinese herbs in the treatment of liver fibrosis by regulating oxidative stress-related signaling pathways.
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ObjectiveTo establish a microRNA-mRNA differential expression network for alcoholic hepatitis (AH), and to investigate new targets for the diagnosis and treatment of AH. MethodsDifferentially expressed microRNAs and mRNAs between AH patients and normal controls were screened out. Related software including TargetScan, DIANA, MIRDB, PICTAR, and miRWalk 2.0 was used to search for the target genes of differentially expressed microRNA, and a key microRNA-mRNA network was established using the differentially expressed mRNAs that changed in an opposite way to microRNA. The Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery was used for the gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG) analyses of target genes. The GCBI online software (www.gcbi.com.cn) was used for enrichment analysis of target genes and core network establishment. The GeneMANIA database in Cytoscape software (genemania.org) was used to perform a protein-protein interaction analysis of key target genes. The above three methods were compared in terms of the search for key pathways involved in the development of AH. ResultsA key microRNA-mRNA network was established with 5 differentially expressed microRNAs including hsa-mir-21-5p, hsa-mir-148a-3p, and hsa-mir-30e-5p and 51 target genes including collagen type IV alpha 1 chain (COL4A1), thrombospondin-2 (THBS2), and integrin alpha 6 (IGTA6). A protein-protein interaction network of key target genes was established. The GO analysis and various pathway analyses showed that the PI3K-Akt pathway and local adhesion were closely associated with AH. ConclusionDuring the development of AH, there are complex interactions between the related proteins of key target genes. COL4A1 and THBS2 may promote the development of AH by activating ITGA6 to regulate the PI3K-Akt pathway and the process of local adhesion. The establishment of the microRNA-mRNA network reveals the key links in the development of AH and highlights the focus of research. The discovery of the genes associated with the PI3K-Akt pathway in AH is expected to provide new targets for the diagnosis and treatment of AH.
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ObjectiveTo establish a microRNA-mRNA differential expression network for alcoholic hepatitis (AH), and to investigate new targets for the diagnosis and treatment of AH. MethodsDifferentially expressed microRNAs and mRNAs between AH patients and normal controls were screened out. Related software including TargetScan, DIANA, MIRDB, PICTAR, and miRWalk 2.0 was used to search for the target genes of differentially expressed microRNA, and a key microRNA-mRNA network was established using the differentially expressed mRNAs that changed in an opposite way to microRNA. The Database for Annotation, Visualization and Integrated Discovery was used for the gene ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genome (KEGG) analyses of target genes. The GCBI online software (www.gcbi.com.cn) was used for enrichment analysis of target genes and core network establishment. The GeneMANIA database in Cytoscape software (genemania.org) was used to perform a protein-protein interaction analysis of key target genes. The above three methods were compared in terms of the search for key pathways involved in the development of AH. ResultsA key microRNA-mRNA network was established with 5 differentially expressed microRNAs including hsa-mir-21-5p, hsa-mir-148a-3p, and hsa-mir-30e-5p and 51 target genes including collagen type IV alpha 1 chain (COL4A1), thrombospondin-2 (THBS2), and integrin alpha 6 (IGTA6). A protein-protein interaction network of key target genes was established. The GO analysis and various pathway analyses showed that the PI3K-Akt pathway and local adhesion were closely associated with AH. ConclusionDuring the development of AH, there are complex interactions between the related proteins of key target genes. COL4A1 and THBS2 may promote the development of AH by activating ITGA6 to regulate the PI3K-Akt pathway and the process of local adhesion. The establishment of the microRNA-mRNA network reveals the key links in the development of AH and highlights the focus of research. The discovery of the genes associated with the PI3K-Akt pathway in AH is expected to provide new targets for the diagnosis and treatment of AH.
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Objective To explore RIZ1 mRNA expression level in different subtypes and risk classification groups of the patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) and to analyze the correlation between the clinical features and RIZ1 mRNA expression. Methods A total of 46 newly diagnosed as MDS patients and 10 healthy controls who were the donors of hematopoietic stem cell transplantation from Chuiyangliu Hospital Affiliated to Tsinghua University and the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University between January 2014 and December 2017 were collected. The real time fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was used to detect the expression level of RIZ1 mRNA in bone marrow cells from MDS patients and the healthy controls. Results Compared with the healthy control group, the relative expression level of RIZ1 mRNA in MDS patients was decreased [the median (P25, P75):1.003 (0.895, 1.812) vs. 0.557 (0.333, 0.815)], and the difference was statistically significant (Z= -2.991, P= 0.0003). According tothe World Health Organization (WHO) classification criteria, compared with the healthy control group, the relative expression of RIZ1 mRNA in refractory anemia/refractory anemia with ring sideroblasts/refractory cytopenia with multiple dysplasia (RA/RAS/RCMD), refractory anemia with excess blasts Ⅰ (RAEB-Ⅰ), RAEB-Ⅱand MDS transformed into acute myeloid leukemia (MDS/AML) groups had statistically significant differences (χ2= 19.500, P< 0.01). Further pairwise comparison showed that the relative expression level of RIZ1 mRNA in RAEB-Ⅰ, RAEB-Ⅱand MDS/AML groups was lower than that in the healthy control group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P < 0.05). According to the international prognostic scoring system (IPSS), compared with the healthy control group, the expression of RIZ1 mRNA in low-risk, inter-risk-1, inter-risk-2 and high-risk group had statistical differences (χ2= 19.214, P= 0.001). Further pairwise comparison showed that the relative expression of RIZ1 mRNA in inter-risk-1, inter-risk-2 and high risk group was lower than that in the healthy control group, and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.05). And RIZ1 mRNA expression showed a decreasing trend with the increase of disease risk grade. RIZ1 mRNA expression level had no relationship with age, gender, peripheral blood white cell count, the hemoglobin, platelet count and karyotype (all P> 0.05). Conclusion RIZ1 mRNA expression level is decreased in MDS patients, and it is different in various subtypes and risk classification. RIZ1 may involve in the pathogenesis of MDS and play an important role in the progression of MDS.
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BACKGROUND:Volar locking plate is the domin Pedicle screw placement for spinal fractures with X-ray and CT assistant can optimize the accuracy of screw placement.Additionally,X-ray is cheap,repetitive and can reduce radiation injury,but has not been confirmed.OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effect and imaging evaluation of X-ray in pedicle screw placement for spinal fractures.METHODS:Twenty patients with spinal fractures at T1-8 levels in our hospital from November 2014 to December 2016 were enrolled.The needles were placed along the pedicle axis at the middle of the pedicle,vertebral posterior and vertebral anterior,and its position was recorded by C-arm X-ray,100 pedicle screws were placed under C-arm X-ray,and then evaluated by CT to analyze the application effect of X-ray.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The screw length between the actual placement at T1,T2,T3,T4,T5,T6,T7,T8 screw length under C-arm X-ray and virtual ones had no significant differences (P ＞ 0.05),suggesting that X-ray can optimize the accuracy of screw placement.A total of 100 screws were placed,94 screws were excellent,which were placed into the vertebral body completely,and the direction and depth were in accordance with the requirements.Six screws were good,some screws slightly worn out,but the cortical bone was less,and none was poor.No accident of pedicle violations was found.To conclude,C-arm X-ray-assisted screw placement for spinal fractures exhibits ideal outcomes.
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Objective To analyze the diagnostic value of dynamic digital radiography of hysterotubography combined with hydrotubation in utero-tubal factors in infertility. Methods Totally 480 female patients with infertil-ity caused by utero-tubal factors from June 2015 to March 2017 were divided into group A and group B randomly. After the two groups were all examined by dynamic digital radiography of hysterotubography ,group A received man-ual push and group B hydrotubation. Results and safety of radiography of two groups were analyzed. Results Im-age definition of group B was higher than that of group A. Number of dots and adverse reaction were less in group B than those in group A(P<0.05),but procedural time was longer than that of group A(P<0.05). The difference in the diagnostic rates of the disease of two groups was not statistically significant(P>0.05). Conclusion Dynamic digital radiography of hysterotubography combined with hydrotubation has good diagnostic value in infertility caused by utero-tubal factors and less adverse reactions
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Objective To analyze the diagnostic value of dynamic digital radiography of hysterotubography combined with hydrotubation in utero-tubal factors in infertility. Methods Totally 480 female patients with infertil-ity caused by utero-tubal factors from June 2015 to March 2017 were divided into group A and group B randomly. After the two groups were all examined by dynamic digital radiography of hysterotubography ,group A received man-ual push and group B hydrotubation. Results and safety of radiography of two groups were analyzed. Results Im-age definition of group B was higher than that of group A. Number of dots and adverse reaction were less in group B than those in group A(P<0.05),but procedural time was longer than that of group A(P<0.05). The difference in the diagnostic rates of the disease of two groups was not statistically significant(P>0.05). Conclusion Dynamic digital radiography of hysterotubography combined with hydrotubation has good diagnostic value in infertility caused by utero-tubal factors and less adverse reactions
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TRPML1 channel is a non-selective group-2 transient receptor potential (TRP) channel with Ca permeability. Located mainly in late endosome and lysosome of all mammalian cell types, TRPML1 is indispensable in the processes of endocytosis, membrane trafficking, and lysosome biogenesis. Mutations of TRPML1 cause a severe lysosomal storage disorder called mucolipidosis type IV (MLIV). In the present study, we determined the cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of Mus musculus TRPML1 (mTRPML1) in lipid nanodiscs and Amphipols. Two distinct states of mTRPML1 in Amphipols are added to the closed state, on which could represent two different confirmations upon activation and regulation. The polycystin-mucolipin domain (PMD) may sense the luminal/extracellular stimuli and undergo a "move upward" motion during endocytosis, thus triggering the overall conformational change in TRPML1. Based on the structural comparisons, we propose TRPML1 is regulated by pH, Ca, and phosphoinositides in a combined manner so as to accommodate the dynamic endocytosis process.
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Animals , Humans , Mice , Calcium , Metabolism , Cryoelectron Microscopy , Endocytosis , Endosomes , Metabolism , Gene Expression , HEK293 Cells , Hydrogen-Ion Concentration , Lysosomes , Metabolism , Models, Biological , Mucolipidoses , Genetics , Metabolism , Pathology , Nanostructures , Chemistry , Phosphatidylinositols , Metabolism , Transgenes , Transient Receptor Potential Channels , Chemistry , Genetics , MetabolismABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the outcomes and complications of permanent brachytherapy combined with external beam radiotherapy and hormonal therapy for local high-risk or intermediated-risk prostate cancer.Methods There were 354 men with local high-risk or intermediated-risk prostate cancer were reviewed,including 111 men with local intermediated-risk prostate cancer and 243 men with local highrisk prostate cancer.The age of the patients were 48 to 84 years old (mean age 72.4 years old).The preoperative PSA levels were in a range of 3.8 to 99.8ng/ml (mean 29.6 g/ml) and the preoperative Gleason scores were 4 to 9 (mean 6.8).The prostate volume were 13.7 to 65.0 ml (mean 30.5 ml).All the patients were treated with brachytherapy combined with hormonal therapy,including 69 patients received additional external beam radiotherapy.All patients were followed up for biochemical progression-free survival (bPFS),distant disease free survival (DDFS),overall survival (OS),cause-specific survival (CSS) rate and complications.Results Among 354 cases,174 cases underwent brachytherapy after the diagnosis of prostate cancer,and 157 cases underwent brachytherapy after maximal androgen blockade (MAB) treatmentfor 3 months,while the other 23 patients with large prostate underwent brachytherapy after MAB treatment for 6 months.All 354 cases were treated with MAB after brachytherapy.One hundred and eleven cases in intermediated-risk group were treated with MAB for 6 months and 243 cases in high-risk group were treated with MAB for 6 months to 3 years.Another 69 patients received adjuvant external radiotherapy.All cases were followed up for 9 to 128 months (mean 91 months),including 135 cases having biochemical recurrence,and 63 cases having distant metastasis.There were 81 cases died,including 24 cases died of prostate cancer.The overall bPFS,DDFS,OS and CSS were 61.9％,82.2％,77.1％ and 93.2％ respectively.There were significant difference in the survival rate between the high-risk group and the intermediated-risk group(P ＜ 0.001).The incidence of urinary retention and long term urethral stricture were 6.8％ and 1.7％,respectively.No serious complications occurred.Conclusion Permanent brachytherapy combined with external beam radiotherapy and hormonal therapy treating local high-risk or intermediated-risk prostate cancer can be effective with few complications.
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The human Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS) is an autosomal recessive disease caused by mutations in a highly conserved ribosome assembly factor SBDS. The functional role of SBDS is to cooperate with another assembly factor, elongation factor 1-like (Efl1), to promote the release of eukaryotic initiation factor 6 (eIF6) from the late-stage cytoplasmic 60S precursors. In the present work, we characterized, both biochemically and structurally, the interaction between the 60S subunit and SBDS protein (Sdo1p) from yeast. Our data show that Sdo1p interacts tightly with the mature 60S subunit in vitro through its domain I and II, and is capable of bridging two 60S subunits to form a stable 2:2 dimer. Structural analysis indicates that Sdo1p bind to the ribosomal P-site, in the proximity of uL16 and uL5, and with direct contact to H69 and H38. The dynamic nature of Sdo1p on the 60S subunit, together with its strategic binding position, suggests a surveillance role of Sdo1p in monitoring the conformational maturation of the ribosomal P-site. Altogether, our data support a conformational signal-relay cascade during late-stage 60S maturation, involving uL16, Sdo1p, and Efl1p, which interrogates the functional P-site to control the departure of the anti-association factor eIF6.
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Humans , Crystallography, X-Ray , GTP Phosphohydrolases , Chemistry , Metabolism , Protein Domains , Ribosome Subunits, Large, Eukaryotic , Chemistry , Metabolism , Saccharomyces cerevisiae , Chemistry , Metabolism , Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins , Chemistry , MetabolismABSTRACT
Post-stroke depression (PSD) referred to the onset of depression after being diagnosed with post-stroke. It was a secondary disease, mainly including depression, little words, sleep disorders, anorexia, absence of interest, undynamic, passiveness, misfitting rehabilitation and so on. It was not only a psychological and physiological disease, but also delay the function recovery of damaged nerves, influence the patient’s quality of life, and increase the rate of disability and mortality. It was essential to research and develop effective and safe treatment medication. This paper reviewed the current situation and developing prospects of western medicine, Chinese medicinal, treatment of integrated traditional Chinese medicine and western medicine in PSD treatment.
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The optimal therapeutic regimen for patients with asymptomatic carotid artery stenosis (ACS) has been controversial.Early research suggests that carotid endarterectomy (CEA) is effective for the treatment of patients with severe ACAS.In recent years,as a minimally invasive treatment,carotid artery stenting (CAS) is as effective as CEA.It has a trend of replacing CEA.In recent 10 years,medicine standardized treatment has made great progress.Recent studies have shown that the risk of stroke is lower using the optimal medical treatment in patients with ACAS compared with CEA and CAS.The key of choosing optimal therapeutic regimen is to identify the high risk patients with stroke.
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The in vivo assembly of ribosomal subunits is a highly complex process, with a tight coordination between protein assembly and rRNA maturation events, such as folding and processing of rRNA precursors, as well as modifications of selected bases. In the cell, a large number of factors are required to ensure the efficiency and fidelity of subunit production. Here we characterize the immature 30S subunits accumulated in a factor-null Escherichia coli strain (∆rsgA∆rbfA). The immature 30S subunits isolated with varying salt concentrations in the buffer system show interesting differences on both protein composition and structure. Specifically, intermediates derived under the two contrasting salt conditions (high and low) likely reflect two distinctive assembly stages, the relatively early and late stages of the 3' domain assembly, respectively. Detailed structural analysis demonstrates a mechanistic coupling between the maturation of the 5' end of the 17S rRNA and the assembly of the 30S head domain, and attributes a unique role of S5 in coordinating these two events. Furthermore, our structural results likely reveal the location of the unprocessed terminal sequences of the 17S rRNA, and suggest that the maturation events of the 17S rRNA could be employed as quality control mechanisms on subunit production and protein translation.
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Cryoelectron Microscopy , Escherichia coli , Metabolism , Escherichia coli Proteins , Genetics , Metabolism , GTP Phosphohydrolases , Genetics , Metabolism , Mass Spectrometry , Protein Structure, Secondary , Protein Structure, Tertiary , RNA, Ribosomal , Metabolism , Ribosomal Proteins , Chemistry , Genetics , Metabolism , Ribosome Subunits, Small, Bacterial , Chemistry , Metabolism , Salts , ChemistryABSTRACT
Patients with asymptomatic carotid stenosis (ACS) are the potentially high-risk population of stroke.Screening for high-risk patients with ACS and giving them appropriate interventions may have great significance for the prevention of the occurrence of stroke.This article reviews the advances in research of ACS screening in recent years.